A Closer Look at HIV Transmission

PrEP is a separate prevention choice before possible exposure for a person without HIV after testing and clinical assessment. It does not replace urgent PEP assessment after an event. Choose a plan with a care team, not a pill schedule from an article. ^{[1] [2]}

Testing connects people to care but does not itself prevent HIV. An early negative result may need follow-up; reactive screening results need confirmation. Choose support without blame or forced disclosure. ^{[3] [4]}

HIV can be transmitted through particular body fluids and routes, including sex, shared injection equipment, pregnancy, birth and breastfeeding. It is not transmitted through ordinary social contact. Appearance, symptoms, identity and occupation do not establish anyone’s HIV status. ^{[5] [6]}ลิงก์ประกอบเดิม 1

Sexual Transmission

Sexual routes do not all carry the same likelihood. Receptive anal sex has a higher likelihood than some other sexual activities; oral sex has little to no likelihood of HIV transmission. A person on ART who maintains suppression meeting U=U criteria does not transmit HIV through sex. This is not a cure or an all-route guarantee. Condoms used correctly help reduce HIV and some STI risks, but marriage or monogamy alone does not establish either partner’s status. ^{[5] [7] [8]}

Sharing Needles

Do not share needles, syringes or other injection equipment that may contain blood. Access to sterile equipment and supportive harm-reduction services matters; PrEP is not an all-purpose substitute for sterile equipment. Discuss prevention needs without judging people who use drugs. ^{[5] [1]}

Mother-to-Child Transmission

HIV can pass during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding. Early antenatal care, ART and an individual plan for birth, infant medicines and feeding can greatly reduce transmission. A caesarean is not required for everyone with HIV, and sexual U=U does not guarantee no transmission through breastfeeding. Plan feeding with the local care team rather than starting, stopping or changing medicines or infant feeding from an article. Do not blame parents or caregivers who face access barriers. ^[9]

Prevention Strategies

After a recent possible exposure, seek PEP assessment immediately and start when indicated within 72 hours. Do not wait for symptoms, all laboratory results or booking. Seek assessment even if more time has passed. Do not borrow medicine or select a regimen from this article. ^[2]ลิงก์ประกอบเดิม 1 ลิงก์ประกอบเดิม 2

หมายเหตุ บทความนี้ให้ข้อมูลความรู้ทั่วไป ไม่ใช่การวินิจฉัย และไม่ใช่คำแนะนำการใช้ยาเฉพาะบุคคล เรื่องยาและการรักษาเป็นการตัดสินใจร่วมกับแพทย์หรือเภสัชกรที่ดูแลคุณ ไม่ควรซื้อ เริ่ม หยุด หรือปรับยาด้วยตัวเอง หากมีข้อสงสัยเกี่ยวกับสุขภาพของตัวเอง ปรึกษาเจ้าหน้าที่สาธารณสุขหรือคลินิกใกล้บ้านได้เสมอ

ตรวจทานและปรับปรุงเนื้อหา: 27 ตุลาคม 2569